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Table 3 Results of the multinomial logistic regression analysis of factors associated with HCV monoinfection and HCV/HIV coinfection (final model comprising only the significant – p < 0.10 – variables from the previous model, n = 450)

From: HCV/HIV coinfection among people who inject drugs and enter opioid substitution treatment in Greece: prevalence and correlates

Correlate (vs. Reference category)

 

HCV monoinfecteda vs. Uninfectedc

HCV/HIV coinfectedb vs. Uninfected

 

p d

RRRe

95 % CIf

p

RRR

95 % CI

p

Lower limit

Upper limit

Lower limit

Upper limit

Male (vs. Female)g

0.023

0.4

0.2

0.9

0.018

0.7

0.2

2.0

0.499

Aged ≥35 years (vs. Aged <35 years)

0.015

1.2

0.7

2.1

0.493

0.5

0.2

1.0

0.066

Lived in urban area in the last 5 years (vs. Lived in semi-urban/rural area)

0.006

1.4

0.8

2.6

0.255

4.8

1.7

13.7

0.004

Living alone or with a spouse/partner without children (vs. With familyh)

0.007

2.6

1.3

4.9

0.005

3.1

1.3

7.3

0.010

Incarcerated at least once in lifetime (vs. Never)

0.018

2.0

1.2

3.4

0.008

2.5

1.1

5.3

0.021

5–9 years of injection (vs. 0–1 year)

0.002

2.4

0.8

7.2

0.134

6.0

0.6

60.6

0.129

2–4 years of injection (vs. 0–1 year)

 

1.5

0.4

5.6

0.529

8.2

0.7

92.2

0.088

≥10 years of injection (vs. 0–1 year)

 

5.5

1.9

15.9

0.002

14.1

1.5

133.8

0.021

Injected on average 2–3 times per day in the past 30 days (vs. <2 times/day)

0.003

1.1

0.3

3.4

0.916

2.6

0.6

10.5

0.186

Injected on average >3 times per day in the past 30 days (vs. <2 times/day)

 

1.1

0.4

2.9

0.805

4.5

1.6

12.8

0.005

Shared syringes in the past 12 months (vs. No syringe sharing in the past 12 months)

0.002

2.5

1.2

5.2

0.014

4.7

1.9

11.5

0.001

No condom use in last intercourse (vs. Use of condom or non-active)

0.043

0.8

0.5

1.4

0.424

0.4

0.2

0.9

0.018

Never tested for HCV before (vs. Tested for HCV before)

0.001

0.6

0.3

0.9

0.028

0.2

0.1

0.5

<0.001

  1. aDiagnosed HCV positive and HIV negative. bDiagnosed HCV positive and HIV positive. cDiagnosed HCV negative and HIV negative. dOverall p-value for this covariate. eRRR: relative risk ratios. f95 % confidence intervals. gGender was measured by the following item: “What is your gender?” Response options included “male”, “female”, “other (transgender)”. No person responded “other” in the sample used in the present analysis. hIncludes children and / or parents